Control system



Dec. 9, 1941. n' 2,265,706

CONTROL SYSTEM Filed Oct. 17, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet l Inventor I a John F. Tr'itle, (gm-52; by W 6.2%! 5 0 E4 a Hi Dec. 9, 1941. n-L 2,265,706

CONTROL SYSTEM Filed Oct. 17, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Inventor I John F. Tritle,

His ttorneg Dec. 9, 1941. J. F. TRITLE 2,265,706

CONTROL SYSTEM Filed Oct. 17, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Fig. 8. W /W Inventor: John F: Tritle,

by JV His ttorneg.

Mute-0,1941

CONTROL SYSTEM John F. Tritle,

Erie, Pa, assignor to General Electric Company. a corporation or New York Application October 1'7, 1940, Serial No. 361,591

19 Claims.

My invention relates to control systems for electric vehicles such as railway cars, elevators and the like, and more particularly to an improvement upon the type of control system described in Patents 2,120,954 to Jacob W. McNairy and 2,120,956 to J. F. Tritle, both of which are assigned to the same assignee as the present application.

In dynamic braking arrangements for electric vehicles it is common practice to use the same resistor for dynamic braking as is used during the accelerating sequence of the vehicle for bringing the motors up to speed. During 9. normal braking sequence the resistor is included in a loop circuit with the traction motors, which are at that time acting as generators, and, as the speed or the vehicle is decreased, the value of the dynamic braking resistor is progressively diminished. If it is assumed that the entire resistor is to be included in the braking circuit when braking is called for at high speed, it is well understood in the art that it is desirable to include only a proportional amount of the resistance it braking is called for while the vehicle is traveling at any lower speed. The determination and setting of this proportional amount of resistance during a coasting period preceding the initiation of dynamic braking is referred to as spotting." One arrangement by which the spotting" operation may be satisfactorily carried out is disclosed in the above-mentioned Patent 2,120,954 issued to Jacob W. McNairy. In the patent referred to the dynamic braking circuits are established during coasting oi the vehicle and the accelerating and braking relay is arranged to vary the amount of resistance to be included in the braking circuit in accordance with the speed of the vehicle. I

As described above, spotting systems used in connection with dynamic braking arrangements are designed to operate during a period of coasting immediately preceding the establishment of dynamic braking, or, it no coasting period intervenes, spotting will occur during the first part of the braking period. But, in such systems, if braking is called for at some intermediate point during the accelerating sequence with no intervening coasting period, there may be a noticeable time delay between the initiation of braking and the obtaining or a suitable value of braking resistance for the speed of the vehicle.

Accordingly, it is an object of my invention to provide a control system arranged to include in the dynamic braking circuit of an electric vehicle an amount or resistance proportional the speed at which the vehicle is traveling at the moment of establishment of the dynamic braking circuit, regardless of whether braking is called for during or after the completion of the accelerating cycle and regardless of whether a period of coasting intervenes between the accelerating period and the braking period.

Another object of my invention is to provide a control system for an electric vehicle arranged to permit a smooth reapplication of power with the vehicle in motion and immediate continuance of acceleration after a period oi coasting or braking.

A further object of my invention is to provide smooth acceleration of an electric vehicle and a plurality oi decelerating steps greater than the number of accelerating steps, while using the same resistor for both' purposes.

A still iurther object of my invention is to provide safety interlock means whereby, it motoring and braking are simultaneously called for, braking alone will always result.

According to my invention the accelerating and braking resistor is so connected that a suitable amount of braking resistance will be included in the dynamic braking circuit in the event that immediate braking is called for at any time during the accelerating sequence. In order to effect this result I provide switching means for including the accelerating and braking resistor in the dynamic braking circuit in one of a plurality of possible circuit relations, the particular circuit relation being selected in accordance with the speed 01 the vehicle at the moment of transfer from accelerating to braking connections. This means is operative immediately upon the removal of power from the motor and before the usual spotting operation takes place. I also providemeans for sp0tting" the accelerating and braking resistor in the event that a period of coasting intervenes between the removal of power from the motor and the initiation of dynamic braking.

My invention also includes means for including, in an accelerating circuit reestablished alter a period of coasting or braking, an amount of resistance proportional in accordance with the speed or the vehicle upon the reestablishment of acceleration.

By my invention means are also provided for smoothly accelerating and decelerating a vehicle so that the individual steps of acceleration are imperceptible to the passengers in the vehicle. To this end I provide means for utilizing the to braking resistor twice during the decelerating cycle, thus effectively doubling the increments of resistance out out during braking.

According tomy invention separate switching means are provided for motoring and for braking and separate controllers are operative during these respective sequences, the controllers being so interlocked that the braking controller will always take precedence over the other if both are operated simultaneously.

The novel features which I consider characteristic of my invention will be pointed out with particularity in the appended claims. For a better understanding of the invention itself, however, as well as for a further appreciation of the objects and advantages thereof, reference may be had to the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram showing the connections of the power and control circuits in an electrically driven vehicle provided with a dynamic braking arrangement according to my invention, Figs. 2 to 7, inclusive, are simplified circuit diagrams showing various stages'of the accelerating sequence of the motor, Fig. 8 is a simplified circuit diagram showing the connections of the power circuit when the vehicle is coasting, Figs. 9 to 11, inclusive, are simplified circuit diagrams showing various stages during the braking sequence of the vehicle, and Fig. 12 is a simplified circuit diagram showing all the power circuit connections with the switches in their energized positions to illustrate how the motoring, coasting or braking circuits may be set up by closing the proper switches.

Referring now to the drawings, and particularly to Fig. 1, I have shown the power circuits and control circuits for an electric vehicle control system embodying my invention. As shown the power circuit includes a plurality of traction motors 20, 2|, 22 and 23. Series field windings 25, 26, 21 and 28 for the motors 2|), 2|, 22 and 23 respectively are connected to the motor 7 circuit through reversing switches 29 and 36 operated by a manually operable reverser 3|. The series field windings 25 and 26 are arranged to be shunted by a circuit of variable'resistance through contacts 32 and 33 of field shunting switches F82 and F84, while the series field windings 21 and 28 may be shunted by a circuit of variableresistance through contact 34 and 35 of field shunting switches FSI and F83. The traction motors are permanently connected in two series groups comprising the motors 20, 2| and the motors 22, 23 respectively, and these series groups are permanently connected in parallel.

A plurality of motor controlling resistors 40, 4| and 42 are provided for selectable connection in a common series circuit with the series-parallel motor group during acceleration of the motor. Additional resistors 43 and 44 are ar-' ranged for connection in a dynamic braking circuit with the resistors 40, 4| and 42. For acceleration the motors and their controlling resistances may be connected to the positive side of a direct current power line through a line circuit breaker LB| and a trolley 45 and to the negative side through a line circuit breaker LE2 and a trolley 46.

The resistance of the main accelerating and braking resistor 42 may be varied, by way of example, by the movement of a brush arm 41 along a threaded shaft 48 rotated by a pilot motor 49. The pilot motor 49 is provided with a field winding 56 for rotation in one direction to their off positions.

move the brush arm 41 from its position A to- 7 ward its position B, and is provided with a field winding 5| for rotation in the other direction to move the brush arm 41 from its position B toward its position A. A rotatable drum controller 52 is operated by the pilot motor 43 through a plurality of beveled gears 53 and consequently in synchronism with the movement of the brush arm 41. The controller 52 moves between two extreme positions A and B corresponding respectively to the positions A and B of the brush arm 41, and includes a plurality of cam switches connected in the control circuit which will be described below.

As shown in Fig. 1, my control system is provided with a master accelerating controller 54, a braking controller 55 and a back up controller 66. Each of the controllers 54,55 and may be independently and manually operated, and are arranged to control a plurality of contact fingers in the control circuit which will be described below. A cam 6| on the controller 54 and a cam 62 on the controller 55 are arranged independently to tension a calibrating spring 63 through the lever arms 64 and 64a. The spring '63 acts through a lever arm 63a to restrain the armature of the relay ABR. The relay may therefore be calibrated by movement of either the. controller 54 or the controller 55.

The accelerating and braking relay ABR is provided with a contact strip 65 cooperating with a plurality of resistors 66, 61 and 68 to control the speed of the pilot motor 49 driving the brush arm 41 of the accelerating and braking resistor 42. The relay AER may be energized either by a series operating coil 69 connected in the power circuit and efiective while the vehicle is motoring, or by a shunt operating coil 10 connected across a portion of the braking resistance 44 and effective during dynamic braking. A regulating coil 1| carrying the current to the pilot motor sets up a force opposing the operating force and gives the relay a vibrating action. As the relay contacts are closed, gradually to shunt the armature of the pilot motor, the increased current through the regulating winding 1| bucks down the flux of the operating coil. The result is a fluttering action of the relay contacts which is reflected in a variable speed of the brush arm 41 from maximum to minimum depending upon the degree of acceleration or braking being called for by the operator. The degree of acceleration or braking being called for is determined by the degree of rotation of thedrum 54 or the drum 55, since the position of either of these controllers determines the amount of tension applied to the calibrating spring 63 which restrains th relay ABR.

It is believed that a complete understanding of my invention may best be had from a description of the mode of operation of the system as a whole. The mode of operation of my system may best be described by tracing each step of a normal accelerating and braking squence.

With the vehicle at rest the elements of the control system are intheir deenergized positions as shown in Fig. 1 and the power circuit appears as shown in Fig. 2. In Fig. 1 the manually operated controllers 54, 55 and 60 are shown in If it is assumed that the reverser 3| is in its position for forward operathe manually operated control switch 12. soon as the control switch o e s. 54. 55 and 60 in energizing circuits are established for operating windings 18 and 14 of braking contactors BI and B2 respectively. These circuits may be traced from 13+, through the control switch 12, the wire 15, a pair of contacts 15 of the line breaker L38, the wire 11, the contact finger 18 of the back-up controller 58, the contacts 19 of the line breaker LBI, the contacts 88 of the line breaker Lisa, the wire 8|, the contact finger s2 0! the master accelerating controller 54, the wire 88, and in parallel through the coils 18 and 14 to ground. The braking circuits are now established through the contacts 84 and 85 of the contactors BI and B2 respectively with the vehicle at standstill. The operation of the braking contactors BI and B2 connects the traction motors so that, it driven by the momentum of th vehicle, they will actas series generators. Current generated in the armatures of the motors 22 and 28 flows through the field windings of the motors 28 and 2|, while the field windings of the motors 22 and 28 carry the current generated in the armatures or the motors 28 and 2|.

As soon as the control switch 12 is closed an energizing circuit is also established for a battery coil 85 or a polarity relay PR. As will appear hereinafter, the polarity relay PR determines the direction of fiow or current through the regulating winding 1 I of the accelerating and braking relay ABR. The circuit for the coil 85 will be obvious. The polarity relay PR is also provided with a trolley coil 81 responsive to the polarity of the power voltage. When the trolley '45 is positive the fiux or the coil 81 will buck the fiux oi! the coil 85 and the relay PR will not pick up. Ii, on the other hand, the trolley 45 is negative, the flux of the coil 81 will boost the fiux of the coil 85 and the relay PR will be energized. In this latter case the pilot motor current will flow in the opposite direction through the regulating winding 1| of the relay ABR to compensate for the change in direction 01' the current flow in the coil 18 of the relay ABR due to the change in polarity of the trolley. It will be assumed that the trolley 45 is positive.

If the master accelerating controller 54 is now moved to its "switching position the contact fingers 88, 89 and 98 are closed successively in the order named, and the contact finger 82 is opened. The opening of the contact finger 82 breaks the energizing circuit previously traced for the operating coils 18 and 14 of the braking contactors BI and B2 respectively. The braking contactors BI and B2 therefore drop out.

When the contactor BI drops out, it closes its contacts 8| to complete an energizing circuit for the operating coil 92 of the line breaker LE4. This circuit may be traced from 13+, through the control switch 12, the contact finger 98 of the braking controller 55, the operating coil 92 of the line breaker LB4 and the contacts 9| 0! the contactor BI to ground. When the breaker LB4 picks up it closes its contacts 92a to connect the driving motors to the starting resistors. Through the contact finger 98 a circuit is also established to energize the operating coil 94 or the field shunting switch PS4. This circuit may be traced from 13+ through the control switch 12, the contact finger 88 of the braking controller 55, the

contact finger 98 of the master accelerating controller 54, the contact finger 95 of the controller drum 52, the normally closed contacts 95 of the cushioning contactor C2 and the operating coil 94 or the field shunting switch FS4 to ground. Through the contact finger 98 of the braking controller 55 and the contact finger 98 of the accelerating controller 54 energizing circuits are also established for the operation oi the line breakers LBI and LB2. The energizing circuit for the line breaker LBI may be traced from B+ through the control switch 12, the contact finger 98, the contact finger 98, the contact finger 89 of the accelerating controller 54, the contacts 91 of an overload relay OLR, the operating coil 98 of the line breaker LBI, and the contacts 9| of the contactor BI to ground. From the contact'finger 99 of the controller 54 a parallel energizing circuit for the operating coil 98 of the line breaker L132 may be traced through the contacts 91a of an overload relay OLRI, the operating coil 89 of the line breaker L132 and the contacts 8| of the contactor BI to ground.

When the line breakers LBI, U32 and LB4 are closed the motors 28, 2|, 22 and 28 are connected across the line between the trolley 45 and the trolley 45 in series with the resistors 48, 4| and 42. With the line breakers LBI and LE2 closed an energizing circuit is completed through the operating coil I88 of the cushioning contactor C I. This control circuit is energized by the voltage across the traction motors, and may be traced from the trolley 45, through me contacts I8I oi the line breaker LBI, the wire I82, the operating coll I88 of the cushioning contactor CI, the wire I88, the contact finger 88 of the master controller 54 and the contacts I84 01 the line breaker L132 to the trolley 46. When the contactor CI picks up it closes its contacts I to short circuit the resistor 48 and remove it from the accelerating circuit.

Therefore, with the master controller 54 held in its switching position, the traction motors are connected to the line through the accelerating resistors 4| and 42, and fields of the motors 28 and 2| are shunted through the contacts 88 01' the field shunting switch F84. The condition of the power circuit is shown in Fig. 3. If the master controller 54 is held in the switching" position, that is, without closing the contact finger I88 of the master controller 54, the pilot motor 48 will operate to remove resistance very slowly from the circuit until the motors are connected directly across the line. This is the lowest rate of acceleration which may be secured. Soon after the controller 52 leaves its'A' position in this sequence it disables the operating coil 94 of the switch PS4 at the contact finger 85 of the controller. The energizing circuit for the pilot motor 49 may be traced from 13+, through the control switch 12, the wire I81, th'e armature oi the pilot motor 49, the field winding 58 of the pilot motor, the contacts I88 of the line breaker LE3, the contacts I89 of the cushioning contactor CI, the contacts II8 of a polarity relay PR, the regulating coil 1| of the relay ABR, and the contacts II of the polarity relay to ground. Had the trolley voltage been assumed negative the circuit would have included the contacts II8a and II Ia of the relay PR instead oi its contacts H8 and III respectively. If acceleration is allowed to progress with the controller 54 in the switching position, the resistor 42 will be cut out and the motor fields shunted in the usual manner as will be described below. The only difierer'ice between this sequence and a normal accelerating sequence at a higher rate of acceleration is that with the controller 54 on switching" the cushioning contactor C2 will not pick up until the switch FS8 is energized. In picking up the switch FS8 will close its interlock contacts |58 which shunt the contact finger I85 of the controller 54 and complete an energizing circuit for the operating coil I II of the contactor C2 as willbe described hereinafter.

II the master accelerating controller 54 is advanced suiliciently far in its-nmning" position to close the contact finger I06, an energizing circuit is set up for the operating coil of the cushioning contactor C2. This energizing circuit may be traced from 3+. through the control switch I2, thecontact finger 93 of the braking controller 55, the contacts I I2 of the contactor CI, the contact finger I06, the operating coil 3 of the cushioning contactor C2 and the contacts SI of the contactor BI to ground. when the contactor C2 is energized it picks up to close its contacts H4 and thereby removes the resistor H from the motor circuit. When the contactor C2 picks up it also opens its contacts 96 to disable theenergizing circuit for the operating coil 94 of the field shunting switch FS4. The switch F84 therefore drops out so that full voltage is applied to the fields of the motors 20 and 2I. This stage of the accelerating sequence is illustrated in Fig. 4.

The operation of the cushioning contactor 02 has no eifect upon the energizing circuit for the pilot motor 49 previously traced. The pilot motor 49 therefore operates to advance the brush arm 41 from A toward B and remove the resistor 42 from the motor circuit at a rate governed by the setting of the accelerating relay ABR. The rela ABR, functions toconnect varying amounts of resistance across the armature of the pilot motor. As has been previously described, the calibration of the accelerating and braking relay ABR may be changed by advancing the master controller 54 within the limits or its "running position and thereby applying greater or less tension to the restraining spring 63 of the relay. For any particular position of the master controller 54 the relay ABR operates to maintain a constant current in the motor circuit. This operation is carried out under the influence of series coil 69 and the regulating coil ll of the relay ABR. If the traction motor current tends to build up beyond the predetermined desired value, the series coil 69 picks up the armature of the relay ABR to close a shunt circuit around the armature of the pilot motor 49. A contact segment 65 and a plurality of resistors 66, 61 and 69 are so arranged that the shunt circuit, around the armature of the pilot motor 49 is progressively diminished in resistance as the armature of the relay ABR is picked up. However, when a shunt circuit is closed around the armature or the pilot motor 49 the regulating coil 1| oi the relay ABR, which carries the sum of the current through the armature of the motor 49 and its shunt, tends to buck down the operating flux oi the series coil 69 and permits the armature oi the relay to drop out. The result is a fluttering actionon the relay contacts which takes place rapidly and is reflected ina variable speed or the brush arm from maximum to minimum. If any other running position or the master controller 54 is selected, the operation of the relay ABR is the same except that the pick-up point is changed in accordance with the position of the master controller. The position of the master controller 54 therefore determines the magnitude of the constant current maintained in the accelerating circuit by the relay ABR. Assoon as the brush 4I arrives at B the power circuit will appear as I at Fig, 5.

As the brush arm 41 approaches its B position a contact finger II4a is closed by the drum coning switch FSZ.

troller 52. The contact finger I I4a completes an energizing circuit for an operating coil '5 oi. the line breaker LB3. This energizing circuit may be traced from B+ through the control switch I2, the contact finger 93, the contacts II2 of the contactor CI, the contact finger 40 the operating coil II5 of the line breaker I. .B3, and the contacts ill of the contactorBI to ground. The line breaker LB3 now picks up and closes its contacts I IE to short circuit the variable motor controlling resistor 42. In picking up the line breaker LB3 seals itself in through its contacts H8 which shunt the contact finger 4:; of the controller 52. The contact finger 411 of the controller 52 is also shunted by an interlock contact II4b on the braking contactor B3. The interlock contact H4?) is operative upon the reapplication of power under certain conditions as will become more apparent hereinafter.

The picking up of the line breaker LB3 produces a further increase in the speed of the traction motors 20, 2|, 22 and 23 by completing energizing circuits for the field shunting switch FSI.

through the control switch I2, the contact finger 93 of the controller 55, the contacts II2 of the contactor CI, the contacts H8 of the line breaker LB3. the contacts I20 of the line breaker LB3, and the operating coil II9 of the switch FSI to ground. When the switch FSI picks up it closes its contacts 34 to place a high resistance shunt across the field windings 21' and 2B of the traction motors 22 and 23 and also closes its inter-- lock contacts I2I to complete an energizing circuit for the operating coil I22 of the field shunt- The energizing circuit for the operating coil I22 may be traced from B+ through the control switch I2, the contact finger 93 of the controller 55, the contacts I23 of the contactor Cl, the contacts I2I oi the switch FSI, and the operating coil in of the switch PS2 to ground. The switch PS2 now picks up to provide an additional step in acceleration by closing its contacts 32 to place a high resistance shunt across the series fields 25 and 26 of the traction motors 20 and 2|.

In the B position of the controller 52 a contact finger I24 is also closed to complete an energizing circuit for the operating coil I25 oi! the braking contactor B3. When the contactor B3 picks up it causes no change in the motoring circuit. This contactor is energized only as a preparatory step for the dynamic braking sequence which will be described hereinafter. The energizing circuit for the braking contactor B3 is established by the operation of the contact finger I 24 and 'the line breaker LB3. and this circuit may be traced from B+ through the control switch I2, the wire I26, the contacts I21 of the line breaker LB3, the contact finger I24 of the pilot motor controller 52 and the operating'coil I25 of the contactor B3 to ground. The p'oweg circuit connections are now as shown at Fig.

When the line breaker LB3 picks up to short circuit the accelerating resistor through its contacts IIG it also opens its interlock contacts I06 and closes its interlock contacts I28 which, in cooperation with the contacts I20 and I30 of the contactor B3, disable the field winding 50 and energize the field winding 5| of the pilot motor 49. This results in a reversal of the direction of rotation of the pilot motor 49 so that the brush arm 41 is moved back from its position B to its The energizing circuit for the operating coil II9 of the switch FSI may be traced from IB+ position A. The newly established circuit for the pilot motor 49 may now be traced from 13+ through the control switch 12, the wire I01, the armature of the pilot motor 49, the field winding of the pilot motor 49, the wire I3I, a contact finger I32 of the pilot motor controller 52, the contacts I28 of the line breaker LE3, the contacts I09 of the contactor CI, the contacts IIO of the polarity relay PR, the regulating coil II of the accelerating braking relay ABR and the contacts I II of the polarity relay to ground. The brush arm 41 is now moved backwards from its position B to its position A, but, since the accelerating and braking resistor 42 is short circuited by the contacts II5 of the line breaker LE3, no change occurs in the resistance of the motor circuit. By moving back towards the A position the brush arm 41 is preparing to insert additional resistance in the braking circuit as the speed of the cars increases. However, the backward movement of the pilot motor also results in moving the controller drum 52 from its position B back to its position A. During the course of this movement of the controller drum 52 circuits are established for the energization of the field shunting switches PS3 and F34. When the switches FS3 and F84 are picked up the resistance of the shunt circuit around the series field windings of the traction motors is decreased in order to permit the traction motors to operate at their highest speed. The energizing circuit for the field shunting contactor FS4 may be traced from B+ through the control switch' I2, the contact finger 93 of, the braking controller 55, the

contacts I23 of the contactor CI, the contacts I2I of the field shunting switch FSI, a contact finger I33 of the pilot motor controller 52, the contacts I34 of the contactor C2 and the operating coil 34 of the field switch FS4 to ground. Shortly after the closing of the contact finger I33 of the pilot motor controller 52, a contact finger I35 of this controller is closed by its cooperating cam. Through the contact finger I35 a circuit is completed for the energization of the operating coil I36 of the field shunting switch F83. This circuit may be traced from B+ through the control switch I2, the contact finger 33 of the braking controller 55, the contacts N2 of the contactor CI, the contacts II8 of the line breaker LB3, the contacts I of the line breaker LE3, the contacts I31 of the line breaker LB2, the

contact finger I35 of the pilot motor controller 52 and the operating coll I35 of the field switch F83 to ground. With the closing of the field shunting switches F83 and F84 the shunt cir cuits around the series fields of the traction motors 20, 2I, 22 and 23 are diminished in resistance and the motors are thereby brought to their maximum speed. It will also be noted that when the shunting switch FS4 picks up it opens its interlock contacts I 38 and substantially si- -multaneously closes a second pair of interlock contacts I39. The opening of the contacts I30 and the closing of contacts I39 results in removing the speed regulating contacts of the accelerating and braking relay ABR from the pilot motor circuit and substituting therefor a fixed resistance. This connection removes speed control from the accelerating relay and cause the brush arm 41 to move at reduced speed the remainder of the way back to its A position. It will also be noted that when F83 picks up it closes a pair of interlock contacts I40 to place a shunt around the contact finger I05 of the controller 54.

It will be recalled that during the reverse movement of the pilot motor 49 to move the brush arm v4I from position B to position A the circuit for the pilot motor passes through the contact finger I32 of the pilot motor controller 52. It will therefore be apparent that when the brush arm 41 approaches its A position, while the controller 52 simultaneously approaches its A position, the contact finger I32'will be opened by its cooperating cam on the controller drum 52 and the pilot motor will thereby be deenergized. During this reverse movement the line breaker LE3 has been maintained in picked-up position by its interlock contacts Hit. With the vehicle now operating at its maximum speed the power circuit connections are as shown in Fig. 7.

Removal of power If the master accelerating controller 54 is now moved back to its of! position, my invention provides a smooth cushioned shut-oil of power regardless of the speed of the vehicle when this operation is carried out. This cushioned shutoff of power is carried out by the insertion of the accelerating resistors into the motor circuit sequentially before the line breakers are opened.

The normal sequence of shutting off power is to open the contactor CI, then the contactor C2 and the line breaker LE3, and finally the line breakers LBI and L132. By referring to the foregoing specification it will be observed that the energizing circuit for the line breaker LE3 passes through the interlock contacts II2 of the contactor CI. The breaker LE3 therefore will not open until the contactor CI has opened. Also, the energizing circuit for the contactor C2 passes through the same contacts II2 of the contactor CI and in series through the contacts I40 of the field switch FS3.- It will further be recalled that the energizing circuit for the contactor CI is across the line voltage rather than the control voltage and includes only the single contact finger 83 of the master accelerating controller 54. Therefore, when the controller 54 is moved to oil the contact finger 88 opens to deenergize the contactor CI. When the contactor CI drops out it opens its contacts II2 to break the energizing circuit for the operating coil II3 of the contactor C2 and the energizing circuit for the operating coil II5 of the line breaker LB3. It will therefore be apparent that the resistors 40 and 4| and 42 are sequentially inserted in the motor circuit in the order named. Shortly before the opening of the line breaker LB3 the energizing circuits for the operating coils 98 and 39 of the line breakers LBI and L132 respectively were disabled by the contact finger 90 of the master controller 54. In order to prevent the dropping out of the breakers LBI and L132 before the opening of the breaker L133 a non-inductive resistor I may be placed in shunt to the operating coils 33 and 39 of the breakers LBI and LB2. The discharge resistor I gives the coils 98 and 99 sufllcient delay in drop out to permit th prior dropping out of the breaker LB3.

If power is removed before any of the field shunting switches FSI, FS2, PS3 and FS4 have closed, the sequence in shutting off power is slightly altered. In this case the line breaker LE3 will not yet have closed, and th shuttingofif sequence will be carried out by first dropping out the contactor C2, then the contactor CI, and finally the breakers LBI and LE2. In this case the energizing circuit for the contactor C2 passes through the contact finger I05 of the controller 54 rather than through the contact I40 of the switch F83. Since the contact finger I 06 opens before the contact finger 88 in the circuit of the CI operating-coil, the contactor C2 opens first the discharge resistor I, as previously described, delays the deenergization of the line breakers LBI and LB2.

In the event that the braking controller 55 is advanced before the controller 54 reaches its "011 position, as in an emergency, I provide means for'disabling the time delay resistor I. This I do by providing a contact finger I45 on the controller 55. As soon as the controller 55 is'placed in its service positionthe circuit through the resistor MI is broken at the contact finger I45 to permit the immediate application of dynamic braking.

Coasting With all the manual controllers in their off positions the control circuit is now set for coasting. As pointed out in the first part.of this specification the dynamic braking circuits are established with the controllers 54 and 55 both in their 'off positions.

When the braking contactor BI picks up it opens its interlock contacts 9| to deenergize the operating coil 92 of the line breaker L134. When LE4 drops out it closes its contacts 92b and thereby connects the approximate center of the brakingresistance to ground through-a ground resistor 920. This connection tends to keep the [center of the resistor at ground potential and thus prevent an overvoltage on any motor.

Since the vehicle is now in motion the motors 20, 2|, 22 and 23 will build up as generators and send a circulating current through the braking circuit. A very small braking current will pick up the relay ABR, since the calibrating spring 63 of the relay is under only slight tension. If this braking current is sufiicient to pick up the relay ABR to close its last contact. I46 an energizing circuit is completed for the operating coils H9 and I35 of the field shunting switches FSI and F83 respectively. These circuits may be traced from B+ through the control switch I2, the contacts I38 of the field shunting switch FS4, the contact strip 65 and the contact I46 of the relay ABR, the contacts I48 of the switch FSI, the contact finger I49 of the controller 55, the

. contacts I59 of the braking contactor BI, and

in parallel through the coil H9 of FSI to ground and the contact finger II of the controller 52 and the coil I36 of FS3 to ground. If coasting had been called for at a lower speed and before the controller 52 arrived at its A position, the switch FS3 would not pick up since the contact finger I5I of the controller 52 would be open. If, however, coasting is called for before the controller 52 has arrived back at its A position and before the speed of the vehicle is sufiicient to build up a braking current large enough to pick up the relay ABR to its last contact I46, neither FSI nor FS3 will close in coasting. Under the conditions assumed however, with a complete accelerating cycle preceding coasting and the vehicle traveling at its maximum speed both FSI and F83 will be picked up by the coasting current. When the switches FSI and FS3 pick up the field windings 21 and 28 of the motors 22 and 23 are shunted through the contacts 35 of F83 and a locking-in circuit is completed through a pair of contacts I48a of the switch FSI. The

contacts I48a of the switch FSI substitute the switch F84 and the contact I46 of relay ABR. in the energizing circuit just traced for the switches FSI and F83.

With a complete acceleration, as described in the foregoing, the contactor B3 remains energized when power is shut off. It will be recalled that the contactor B3 was energized through the contact finger I24 of the controller 52. It may be observed from Fig. 1 that after the energizetion of the contactor B3 a pair of locking-in contacts I55 on the contactor B3 are closed. Also, since on the movement of the controller 52 from its position B to its position A a contact finger I58 is closed before the contact finger I24 is opened, a locking-in circuit'around the contacts I2'I of the breaker LB3 and the contact finger I24 of the pilot motor controller 52 is completed through the contacts I 55 of the contactor B3 and the contact finger I58 of the pilot motor controller 52. The power circuit connections for coasting are shown at Fig. 8.

The position of the contacts I29 and I30 of the braking contactor B3 determines the direction of operation of the pilot motor 49 when braking is called for. The position of these contacts in turn is determined by how far,the accelerating cycle has proceeded. Under the conditions assumed the contac-= I39 of the contactor B3 are closed because the contactor B3 has picked up. A circuit is therefore established through the field winding 50 of the pilot motor 49 for operation of the motor 49 in a direction to move the brush arm 41 from its position A to its position 8. This circuit may be traced fromB+ through the control switch I2, the wire II", the armature of the pilot motor 49, the field winding'50 of the pilot motor, the contacts I39 of the contactor B3, the contacts I59 of the contactor BI, the contacts III! of the potential relay PR, the coil II of the relay ABR and the contacts III of the potential relay to ground. The dynamic braking circuit now established includes the resistors 43, 40, 4|, 42 and 44 in series, as shown in Fig. 8, and the pilot motor 49 begins its operation to move the brush arm 41 and remove the resistor 42 gradually from the braking circuit under the control of the accelerating and braking relay ABR. During this operation the accelerating and braking relay is operated by its shunt coil I0 whichis energized across a portion of the braking resistor 44. The operation of the relay during braking is similar to its operation during acceleration in that it tends to maintain a constant current through the motors. With both master controllers in their oiI positions the tension applied to the restraining spring 33 of the relay ABR will be a minimum. Therefore, only a relatively small amount 01' current flowing through the braking circuit is required to operate the braking relay. As the speed of the cars decreases therelay ABR tends to maintain this predetermined current and in this manner the spotting operation is carried out. Thus, if the vehicle were allowed to coast to a standstill, the brush arm 41 would have completed the entire braking sequence in carrying out its "spotting operation.

Brakin If now the braking controller 55 is moved from its off" position sufliciently far to operatev all its associated contact fingers, the control elements will be set for the minimum rate of braking. Referring now to the braking controller 55 it will be observed that the contact finger I49 is the first to open. The opening of the contact finger I46 disables the energizing circuit for the operating coils of the field shunting switches FSI and PS3 as will be apparent from the circuit previously traced. The switches FSI and F83 therefore drop out to remove the shunt from the field windings 21 and 29 of the traction motors 22 and 23 and allow the braking current to build up. This'is the first step of braking and is illustrated at Fig. 9. With the movement of the braking controller 55 the next contact finger to open is the finger 93. The opening of the contact finger 93 causes no change in any of the control circuits. It simply precludes the possibility of. energizing either of the line breakers LBI or LB2. The braking controller 55 next opens its contact fingers I69 and I45. The opening of the contact finger I66 merely disables the circuit of the discharge resistor I4I as previously pointed out. When the contact finger I45 of the braking controller 55 opens a short circuit is removed from a ballast resistor I62 and the resistor I62 is inserted in series with the shunt coil 19 of the braking relay ABR. This has the eflect in changing the setting of the braking relay ABR from a low value for coasting to a higher value for braking.

A contact finger I63 of the braking controller 55 is in the circuit of a lock-out magnet LM. The lock-out magnet, when energized, serves to prevent the application of the air brakes. A lock-out relay LR is provided with an operating coil I64 shunted across the same portion of the braking resistor 44 as is the shunt coil 19 of the relay ABR. Therefore, when dynamic braking is established an energizing circuit is completed for the operating coil I65 and the lock-out magnet LM. This circuit may be traced from B+ through the control switch 12, th contact finger I63 of the braking controller 55, a contact, segment I66 of the reverser 3|, the contacts I61 of the look-out relay LR, the contacts I68 of the braking contactor B3 and the energizing coll I65 of the lock-out magnet LM and to ground. This circuit is also completed durin acceleration by a contact finger 5811 of the controller 52 which shunts the contacts I68 of the contactor B3. Re ferring now to the braking controller 55 it will be observed that the energizing circuit for the lock-out magnet LM is maintained intact until the braking controller 55 is moved to its extreme full brake position. This is the emergency brake position in which both air and dynamic braking is operative.

Referring again to the operation of the .controller 55, the only remaining contact finger is the finger I69. It will be observed that this finger is closed in substantially the whole service" position of the controller 55. The contact finger I69 serves only to shunt the contact finger 82 of the master accelerating controller 54 and insures that the energizing circuits for the braking contactors BI and B2 will not be disabled even if both controllers 54 and 55 are simultaneously operated. This is a safety feature which insures that braking rather than motoring will result if both the controllers 54 and 55 are simultaneously operated. Through the contact finger I69 the energizing circuits for the operating coils 13 and 14 of the braking contactors BI and B2 are either maintained or established, depending upon the circuits established before simultaneous controller operation. As soon as the contactor BI picks up it opens its contacts 9I in circuit with the operating coils 96 and 99 of the breakers LBI and L32 and either drops out these breakers or precludes their picking up.

Since now all the fingers of the braking controller 55 have been operated there is no function performed by this controller except to stretch the spring 63 of the braking relay ABR. Therefore, any further movement of the controller 55 serves only to increase the braking current due to the increased force required to operate the relay armature against the increased tension of the spring 63. By this means the rate of deceleration may be controlled by movement of the braking controller 55 within its service" position.

As previously pointed out during the dynamic braking sequence the accelerating resistor 42 is utilized twice rather than once as during the accelerating sequence. This is done by using the braking contactor B3 to re-insert the resistor 42 after it has been once removed by moving the brush 41 from its position A to its position B. Referring now to the controller 52, it will be observed that when the controller arrives at its B position the control finger I56 is opened to disable the energizing circuit for the operating coil I25 of the contactor B3. This stage of the braking sequence is illustrated at Fig. 16. As previously pointedout, the position of the contactor B3 determines the direction of motion of the pilot motor 49. In dropping out the contactor B3 opens its contacts I30 and closes its contacts I29. The opening of the contacts I36 disables the circuit through the field winding 56 of the pilot motor 49, and the closing of the contacts I29 completes a circuit through the field winding 5I of the pilot motor 49 for operation of the motor in the opposite direction to move the brush arm 41 from its position B to its position A. It is believed that this energizing circuit for the pilot motor 49 will be obvious from the circuits previously traced. The brush arm 41 therefore proceeds toward its position A. When the brush arm 41 arrives at position A the power circuit will be as shown at Fig. 11 of the drawings.

In order to provide for an emergency application of dynamic braking I provide a brake" position of the reverser 3|. In this position the contact segment I66 bridges the contacts I66a and I66b to shunt all the braking contacts and resistors and establishes a very low resistance braking circuit directly through the contact segment.

Reapplication of power and braking during acceleration It has already been observed that the braking contactor B3, through its contacts I29 and I36, determines the direction of operation of the pilot motor 49 controlling the brush arm 41. The contactor B3 has a pair of main contacts I15 and "I by which the relation of the resistor 42 in the braking circuit is determined. By means of this braking contactor B3, then, the brush arm 41 is always maintained in approximately the proper position along the accelerating resistor 42 and the pilot motor 49 is immediately set into operation in the proper direction whenever control is shifted suddenly from the accelerating controller 54 to the braking controller 55 or vice versa.

As a first example, let it be assumed that the accelerating cycle is only partially completed so that the brush arm 41 has not yet arrived at its B position and that power is suddenly removed byplacing the accelerating controller 54 back in its off position to allow the vehicle to coast. Under these conditions the braking contactor B3 will not yet have picked up because the contact finger I24 of the controller 52 will not yet have closed. Therefore, the contacts I10 of the contactor B3 will remain closed and a braking circuit will be established through the contacts I10 of the contactor B3 and that portion of the accelerating and braking resistor 42 lying between the position A and the position which the brush arm 41 has reached during the partial accelerating sequence. This circuit may be' followed on Fig. 12. It will be noted that the braking circuit also includes a fixed resistor 44. It has been found that the proper amount of resistance to initiate braking at any given speed is approximately that which has been removed from the accelerating circuit plus some fixed resistance, in this case the resistor 44. If the vehicle is now allowed to coast, it will be recalled that all the dynamic braking circuits are established and spotting will take, place. It will also be recalled that during the braking or coasting operation the direction of rotation of the pilot motor 49 is controlled by the position of the contactor B3. Since the contactor B3 is deenergized, a circuit will be established through the contacts I29 of the contactor B3 for the field winding of the pilot motor. The energization of the field winding 5| of the pilot motor 49 causes operation of the pilot motor in a direction to move the brush arm 41 toward its position A. This means that the brush arm 41 will reverse its movement as soon as power is removed during the course of an accelerating cycle, and in thus reversing its movement it will immediately remove resistance from the dynamic braking circuit.

If under the above conditions dynamic braking is established by rotation of the braking controller 55, the operation of thecontactor B3, the resistor 42, the brush arm. 41 and the pilot motor 49 would be the same. The only change caused by operation of the braking controller 55 would be that the pick-up point of the braking relay ABR, would be raised by the spring 63 to increase the dynamic braking current.

It the accelerating cycle has proceeded to such a point that brush arm 41 has reached its position B and begun its reverse travel toward its position A when the controller 54 is moved to its off position, it will be found that the brush arm 41 also reverses and begins immediately to remove the braking resistance from the circuit without having to return to its A position. Under the conditions now assumed the braking contactor B3 will have been energized through the contact finger I24 of the controlled 52' and will have locked itself in through its contacts. I55 and the contact finger I58 'of the controller 52. Therefore, when the braking or coasting circuits are established by movement of the controller 54 to its ofi position, these circuits will be established through the contacts I1I of the contactor B3 and in series through the resistors 43, 40, 4| and that portion of the resistor 42 between the B position of the -brush arm 41 and that position which the brush arm 41 has reached in its reverse movement during acceleration. This braking circuit may be followed on Fig. 12. It is preferred to so proportion the resistors 40, 4|, 42 and 43 that the sum of the resistance of the resistors 40, 4| and 43 is equal to the resistance of the resistor 42. vThus it will be seen that if coasting or braking is called for immediately after the brush arm 41 leaves its position B during an accelerating cycle, the braking circuit will include the fixed resistor 44 and approximately the same amount of resistance as has been removed from the motoring circuit. If, on the other hand, the brush arm 41 has proceeded to some further position between B and A, then a greater amount of resistance will be inserted in the braking circuit than was previously removed from the motoring circuit by the brush arm 41. However, since the speed of the vehicle is increased by field shunting during this further reverse movement of the brush arm, it is desirable that this additional resistance be inserted. It will now be observed that with power removed and the position of the brush arm 41 last assumed, the contactor B3 will have been picked up and therefore'an energizing circuit will be established through the contacts I of the contactor B3 for the field winding 5| of the pilot motor 49. Energization of the field winding 5| of the pilot motor 49 causes the brush arm 41 to reverse its direction of movement and to move again toward its position B. This has the effect of cutting out the resistance inserted in the braking circuit under these conditions, namely, that resistance between the position B of the brush arm 41 and the position of the brush arm when power was removed from the motor.

It will now be apparent that if power is reapplied at any time after its removal while the vehicle is in motion, the brush arm 41 will proceed inthe proper direction for a continuance of the accelerating sequence without first returning to its A position. From circuits previously traced it will be apparent that as the contacts I29 and I30 of the braking contactor B3 determine the direction of motion of the pilot motor 49 during its braking sequence, so the contacts I08 and I28 of the line breaker LB3 determine the direction of motion of the pilot motor 49 during an accelerating sequence. Therefore, if power has been removed during an accelerating sequence before the brush arm 41 arrived at its B position, the brusharm would, as previously described, begin to move in a reverse direction toward its A position. If now, power is reapplied before the brush arm 41 arrives at its A position a circuit will be reestablished for the field winding 50 of the pilot motor 49 through the contacts I08 of the line breaker LB3, which is still in its open position. Also, as has already been described, the braking contactors BI and B2 will be deenergized and the line contactors LBI and LB2 will pick up to close the motoring circuit. Furthermore, it has also been pointed out that the cushioning contactors CI and 02 will pick up sequentially to remove the resistors 40 and 4| from the motoring circuit.

If a removal ofpower has occurred after the brush arm 41 arrived at its B position and began its reverse movement back to its A position, and power is then reapplied, the brush arm 41 will also continue its accelerating movement from the position reached when power was reapplied without returning to its A position. First let it be assumed that during the coasting period the brush arm 41, in moving back toward the B position, has not yet reached this position whenpowor is reapplied. Under these conditions the line breaker LB3, having already been energized during the accelerating cycle, would have been dropped out upon removal of power by the opening of the interlock contact II2 of the cushioning contactor CI. The braking contactor B3 will remain energized, however, until the B position of the controller 52 is reached. Since power is assumed to be reapplied before the controller 52 reaches its B position and thus before the contact finger II4a is closed, the line breaker LB3 will be reenergized upon the reapplication of power through the parallel connected interlock contact II4b of the braking contactor B3. Therefore, the contacts I08 of the breaker LB3 will be open and the contacts I28 of the breaker will be closed to establish a circuit through the field winding 5I of the pilot motor 49. The completion of a circuit through the field winding SI of the pilot motor 40 causes the motor to rotate in such a direction that the brush 41 will continue its accelerating movement toward its A position.

Let it now be further assumed that power was removed after the brush arm 41 had arrived at its B position and begun its reverse movement but that during the coasting period of the vehicle, the vehicle had so decreased in speed that the brush arm 41, in moving back toward the B position, had arrived at this position and again begun its reverse movement toward its A position in carrying out its spotting or braking operation. Un-

- der these conditions the line breaker LE3, having already been closed during the accelerating cycle, would be deenergized after the removal of the power by the opening of the contact II2 of the cushioning contactor CI. As the coasting period continues to the point where the brush arm 41 arrives at its B position, the braking contactor B3 would be dropped out at the B position of the brush 41 by the opening of the contact finger I58 associated with the controller 52. Therefore, under the conditions assumed, when power is reapplied both the contactor B3 and the breaker LB3 will be deenergized, and therefore a circuit will be established for the field winding 50 of the pilot motor 49 through the contacts I08 of the line breaker LE3. Such energization of the pilot motor field winding will result in movement of the pilot motor in a direction to move the brush arm 41 toward its position B without a return to its position A.

It will now be obvious that I have provided an arrangement wherein if power is removed at any point during an accelerating cycle a dynamic braking circuit is immediately established which includes the permanent resistance 44 and that amount of resistance which has already been cut out during the partially completed accelerating cycle, and a dynamic braking sequence is begun by immediately reducing .the resistance or the braking circuit without first increasing it to its maximum initial value. Furthermore, I have provided means by which, if power is reapplied before a braking sequence is complete, a motoring circuit is set up including approximately the correct amount of accelerating resistance for the speed at which the vehicle is traveling upon the reapplication of power, and a new accelerating cycle is initiated from this point by reducing the accelerating resistance without first increasing it to its maximum initial value.

Back-up control According to the illustrated embodiment of my invention a separate controller 80 is provided for reverse operation 01' the vehicle. In order to operate the vehicle from the back-up controller 50 the braking controller 55 is placed in its emergency full brake position and retained in this position by a latch provided for the purpose. As will be apparent from the foregoing description, the

dynamic braking circuits will then be established, but, with the cars at standstill, no braking is obtained. Furthermore, with the braking controller 55 in its emergency position the look-out magnet LM is deenergized because the energizing circuit for its operating coil I55 is disabled at the contact finger I63 01 the braking controller 55. Therefore, in this position of the controller the air brakes are applied and the dynamic braking circuits are set up. Forreverse operation it is also necessary to place the reverser 3I in its reverse position.

Movement of the back-up controller from its ofi position to its coast position closes the contact finger I 80 of the controller 80 to complete an energizing circuit for the operating coil I of the lock-out magnet LM. This circuit may be traced from B+ through the control switch 12, the contact finger I80, the wire I8I and the oper ating coil I65 to ground. In the coast position of the controller 80 a contact finger I82 is also closed to shunt the ballast resistor I62 in the circuit with the shunt coil III of the accelerating and braking relay ABR. It will be noted that the contact finger I82 of the controller 80 serves the same purpose as the contact finger I45 of the braking controller 55, that is, it insures that in coasting the accelerating and braking relay ABR is set for a low pick-up by the short circuiting of the ballast resistor I 82.

When the back-up controller 80 is moved to its switching position its contact finger I8 is opened and the fingers I83 and I84 are closed. The opening of the contact finger I8 of the controller 50 results in the deenergization of the operating coils I3 and I4 of the braking contactors BI and B2 respectively, as will be evident from the energizing circuit previously traced for these coils. The closing of the contact finger I84 of the controller 60 completes an energizing circuit for the operating coils 98 and 38 of the line breakers LBI and LE2 respectively. This circuit may be traced from B+ through the control switch 12, the contact finger I84, and in parallel through the contact 91 of the overload relay OLR and the coil 88 of the line breaker LBI and through the contacts 910 of the overload relay OLRI and the operating coil 99 of the line breaker LB2 to the contacts SI of the braking contactor BI, andthen through these contacts to ground. The closing of the contact finger I83 of the controller 50 completes an energizing circuit for the operating coil 32 or the line breaker LB4. This circuit may be traced from B+ through the control switch I2, the contact finger I83, the operating coil 82, and the contacts 9| of the braking contactor BI to ground. With the line breakers LBI, L132 and L34 closed, reverse operation will proceed at low speed with all the accelerating resistors in the motor circuit. As long as the controller 80 is held in its switching position the pilot motor 49 will not be energized and therefore no resistance will be removed from the motor circuit to accelerate the traction motors.

When the back-up controller 80 is moved to its power" position the contact finger I85 is closed to complete an energizing circuit for the operating coil I00 of the cushioning contactor CI. This circuit may be traced from the trolley 45 through the contacts IOI oi the line breaker LBI, the wire I02, the operating coil I00 of the contactor CI, the wire I03, the contact finger I85, the contacts I04 of the line breaker LB2 and the line connection 48 to ground. When the contactor CI picks up it short circuits the ac- .FS3 has picked up. The energizing circuit for the operating coil I36 of the field shunting switch FS3 is the same as that previously traced except that it passes through the contact finger 83 of the back-up controller 60 instead of through the contact finger 93 of the braking controller 55. The energizing circuit for the operating coil H3 of the cushioning. contactor I C2 passes through the contacts I40 of the field shunting switch F53. It is believed that the remainder of this circuit will be obvious from circuits traced hereinbefore.

Attention is directed to the fact that the coast- 7 ing connections from the back-up controller 60 difier from normal in that coasting is set up with full field. This is due to the fact that with the braking controller 55 in its full brake position the contact finger I49 is opened to disable the energizing circuit previously traced for the field shunting switches PSI and PS3. The opening of the contact finger 18 does not interfere with the operation of the field shunting switches F8! and F83 during acceleration in the reverse. direction, since the energizing circuits forthese switches during such acceleration do not pass through the contact finger 18.

Overload protection To protect against overloads I have provided the overload relays OLR and OLRI. These relays are operated by series coils 200 and 2M respectively in the power circuit and held in picked up position by the shunt coils 202 and 203 respectively in the control circuit. Referring to. the relay OLR, by way of example, it will be observed that when the series coil 200 is energized suificiently to operate the relay, the relay will open its contacts 91 to disable the operating coil 98 of the line breaker LB! and will close its contacts 204 to complete an energizing circuit for its own holding coil 202. It will be apparent that the relay OLR1 similarly deenergizes the line breaker LBZ,

While I have described a particular preferred embodiment of my invention in accordancewith the provisions of the patent statutes, I wish to have it understood thatno limitation to this particular embodiment is intended, and I, therefore, contemplate by the appended claims to cover any changes in the mode of application; the manner of formation, and in fact all variations and modifications as will constitute no departure from the true spirit and scope of my invention.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. In a control system for an electrically driven vehicle, the combination of a driving motor, .a braking resistor for said motor, electroresponsive switching means for varying the resistance of said resistor, switching means for establishing a braking circuit for said driving motor including said resistor in one of a plurality of closed circuit relations, and means operable in accordance with the speed of said vehicle to select said one circuit relation.

2. In a control system for an electrically driven vehicle, the combination of a driving motor, a braking resistor for said motor, electroresponsive switching means for varying the resistance of said resistor, switching means for establishing a braking circuit for. said driving motor including said resistor in one of a plurality of closed circuit relations, means operable in accordance with the speed of said vehicle to select said one circuit relation, and means for controlling said electroresponsive switching means in response to the position of said switching means.

3. In a control system for an electrically driven vehicle, the combination of a driving motor, a braking resistor for said motor, reversible means for varying the resistance of said resistor, switching means for establishing a braking circuit for said motor including said resistor in one of a plurality of closed circuit relations, and means responsive to the position and direction of motion of said reversible means for selecting said one circuit relation.

4. In a control system for an electrically driven vehicle, the combination of a driving motor, a braking resistor for said motor, reversible means for varying the resistance of said resistor, switching means for establishing a braking circuit for said motor including said resistor in one of a plurality of closed circuit relations, means responsive to the position and direction of motion of said reversible means for selecting said one circuit relation, and means for controlling said reversible means responsive to the position of said switching means.

5. In a control system for an electrically driven vehicle, the combination of a driving motor, a. braking resistor for said motor,.electroresponsive means for varying the resistance of said resistor, first switching means for establishing a braking circuit for said motor including said resistor, and second switching means operable in response to the speed of said vehicle to select the relation of said resistor in said braking circuit.

6..In a control system for an electrically driven vehicle, the combination of a driving motor, a braking resistor for said motor, a pilot motor for varying the resistance of said resistor,

first switching means for establishing a braking circuit for 'said driving motor including said resistor, second switching means operable in response to the speed of said vehicle to select the relation of said resistor in said braking circuit, and means for controlling said pilot motor responsive to the position'of said second switching means.

7. In a control system for an electrically driven vehicle, the combination of a driving motor, a braking resistor for said motor, reversible means for varying the resistance of said resistor, switching means for establishing a braking circuit for said motor, second switching means responsive to the position and direction of motion of said reversible means arranged to include said resistor in said braking circuit in one of a plurality of closed circuit relations, and means for controlling said reversible means in response to the position of said second switching means.

8. In a control system foran electrically driven vehicle, the combination of a driving motor, a braking resistor for said motor, a reversible pilot motor for varying the resistance of said resistor, a controller operated by said pilot motor, first switching means for establishing a braking circuit for said driving motor, second switching means operable in response to the position of said controller for including said resistor in said braking circuit in one of a plurality of closed circuit relations, and reversing means for said pilot motor operated by said second switching means. I

9. In a control system for an electrically driven vehicle, the combination of a driving motor, a starting and braking resistor for said motor, first switching means for connecting said motor and said resistor in series circuit to a source of power, a reversible pilot motor for gradually removing said resistor from said circuit, shunting means for said resistor, operating means for said shunting means operable upon reversal of said pilot motor while said driving motor is connected to said source of power, second switching means for establishing a dynamic braking circuit for said driving mo-' tor, third switching means responsive to the position and direction of operation ot'said pilot motor arranged to connect said resistor in said braking circuit in one of a plurality of circuit relations, and means responsive to the position of said third switching means for controlling the direction of operation of said pilot motor after operation of said second switching means.

10. In a control system for an electrically driven vehicle, the combination of a driving motor, a starting and braking resistor for said momeans after said resistor has been completely removed from said circuit, second switching means for establishing a dynamic braking circuit for said driving motor, third switching means operable in response to the position or said controller to include said resistor in said dynamic braking circuit in one of a plurality of circuit relations, means for disabling said reversing means upon operation of said second switching means, and means responsive to the position of said third switching means for controlling the direction 01 operation of said pilot motor after operation 01' said pilot motor after operation of said second switching means.

11. In a control system for an electrically driven vehicle, the combination of a driving motor, a plurality of fixed resistors and a variable resistor, first switching means for connecting said motor and said resistors in series to a source oi! power, a reversible pilot motor for gradually removing said variable resistor from said circuit, shunting means for each or said resistors, interlocked operating means for first operating the shunting means oi said fixed resistors sequentially then energizing said pilot motor for operation in one direction and to remove said variable resistor irom said circuit and finally shunting said variable resistor while energizing said pilot motor for operation in the reverse direction, second switching means operable upon deenergization or said first switching means to establish a dynamic braking cirresistors in said dynamic braking circuit in one i of a plurality of circuit relations, said circuit relations being such that it said second switching means is energized while said pilot motor is operating in said one direction said dynamic braking circuit will include only that portion of said variable resistor removed from said starting circuit, while it said second switching means is energized during operation of said pilot motor in said reverse direction said dynamic braking circuit will include said fixed resistors and the portion of said variable resistor included by reverse movement of said pilot motor, and means responsive to the position of said third switching means arranged to control the direction of operation or said pilot motor after operation of said second switching means.

12. In a motor control system for an electrically driven vehicle, the combination of a driving motor, a variable starting and braking resistor, first switching means for establishing a starting circuit including said motor and said resistor, movable means for gradually removing said resistor from said starting circuit to carry out an accelerating sequence, second switching means for establishing a braking circuit including said motor and said resistor, means including said first and second switching means for reestablishing a starting circuit, and means including said movable means for immediately initiating a new accelerating sequence with the initial resistance oi said resistor proportioned in accordance with the speed of the vehicle at the moment of reestablishment of said starting circuit.

13. In a control system for an electrically driven vehicle, the combination of a driving motor, a variable starting and braking resistor for said motor, a reversible pilot motor having an initial position and arranged to vary the resistance of said resistor, first switching means for establishing a starting circuit including said driving motor and said resistor, means for energizing said pilot motor for operation to remove said resistor from said starting circuit, second switching means to establish a braking circuit including said driving motor and said res stor, said second switching means being operable when said pilot motor has reached any desired second position, control means including said pilot motor for initiating a braking cycle immediately uponoperationoi said second switching means, means including said first and second switching means for reestablishing said starting circuit when said pilot motor has reached any desired third position, and second control means including said pilot motor for initiating a second accelerating cycle from said third position or said pilot motor.

14. In a control system for an electrically driven vehicle, the combination of a driving motor, a variable accelerating and braking resistor for said motor, a reversible pilot motor for varying the resistance of said resistor, first switching means arranged to establish a starting circuit for said driving motor including said resistor, second switching means arranged to establish a braking circuit for said driving motor including said resistor in one of a plurality of circuit relations, controller means for selectively connecting either of said circuits while said vehicle is in motion, third switching means for selecting said one circuit relation in response to the no sition and direction of operation of said pilot motor upon operation of said second switching means, first reversing means for said pilot motor operable while said first switching means is energized, and second reversing means for said 7 pilot motor responsive to the position of said third switching means, said second reversing means when said second switching means is energized.

15. In a control system for an electrically driven vehicle, the combination of a driving motor, a variable accelerating and braking resistor for said motor, electroresponsive switching means for varying the resistance of said resistor, first switching means arranged to establish a starting circuit for said driving motor including said resistor, second switching means arranged to establish a braking circuit for said driving motor including said resistor in one of a plurality of circuit relations, controller means for selectively connecting either of said circuits while said vehicle is in motion.

16. In a control system for an electrically driven vehicle, the combination of a driving motor, a variable accelerating and braking resistor for said motor, a reversible pilot motor for varying the resistance of said resistor, first switching means arranged to establish a starting circuit for said driving motor including said resistor, second switching means arranged to establish a braking circuit for said driving motor including said resistor on one of a plurality of circuit relations, controller means for selectively connecting eitherof said circuits while said vehicle is in motion, third switching means for selecting.

17. In a control circuit for an electrically driv-' en vehicle, the combination of a driving motor, a plurality of accelerating resistors connected in series with said motor, switching means for connecting said motor and said resistors to a source of power, first operating means for said switching means, means for shunting each of said resistors, second operating means for said shunting means, interlocked control means associated with said second operating means arranged to shunt said resistors sequentially to start said motor and.to unshunt said resistors sequentially upon disconnection of said motor from said source of power, and time element means associated with said first operating means to delay the disabling of said first operating means until said interlocked control means has operated.

18. In a control circuit for an electrically driven vehicle, the combination of a ,driving motor, a plurality of accelerating resistors connected in series with said motor, first switching means for connecting said motor and said resistors to a source of power, first operating means for said switching means, second switching means for connecting said motor and said resistors in a dynamic braking circuit, second operating means for said second switching means, controller means for selectively energizing said first and second operating means, means for shunting each of said resistors, a third operating means for operating said shunting means, interlocked control means associated with said third operating means arranged to shunt said resistors sequentially to start said motor and to unshunt said resistors sequentially upon disconnection of said motor from said source of power, time element means associated with said first operating means to prevent disabling of said first operating means until after said control means has operated, and means associated with said controller means for disabling said time element means.

19. In a dynamic braking system, the combination of a driving motor, a braking resistor for said motor, first switching means for connecting said resistor in a circuit relation selected in accordance with the speed of the vehicle, and second switching means for connecting said resistor to said motor to complete a dynamic braking circuit.

JOHN F. 

